論莎士比亞早期戲劇中的倫敦方言

彭建華

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PDF(649 KB)
澳門科技大學學報(人文社會科學版) ›› 2023, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1) : 31-56. DOI: 10.58664/mustjournal.2023.03.002
文學論文

論莎士比亞早期戲劇中的倫敦方言

  • 彭建華
作者信息 +

London and Cockney in Shakespeare's Plays

  • Peng Jian Hua
Author information +
History +

摘要

歷史上的語言接觸必然會產生語言的滲透,每一種語言都必然是混合的語言(Pidginsprache)。盎格魯—撒克森語與凱爾特語、拉丁語、斯堪的納維亞語、丹麥語接觸,形成了古英語的多種方言。諾曼第征服之後,盎格魯—撒克森語被視為次要的、粗俗的大眾語言,與法語等接觸、融合,形成了中古英語的多種方言。莎士比亞的職業演劇生涯一直在倫敦,他對倫敦的中下階層語言較為熟悉,在莎士比亞戲劇中確立英語是英格蘭唯一民族語言,繼承中部地區方言之英語傳統,接受中古英語、現代北部地區方言等各種語言成分,得出混合的語言特徵。倫敦方言主要指倫敦市民的日常語言,倫敦方言隨著倫敦城的發展經歷漫長的演變過程,在早期現代英語時期,倫敦方言與標準英語、文學英語有著較為複雜關係,莎士比亞早期戲劇中倫敦方言(地名、俚語、新詞等)再現一種獨特的語言特徵。

Abstract

Language contacts in history will inevitably lead to language penetration. Every language must be a Pidginsprache. The contacts of Anglo-Saxon with Celtic, Latin, Scandinavian, and Danish form many dialects of Old English. After the Norman conquest, Anglo-Saxon was regarded as a secondary and vulgar mass language. It contacted and merged with French and other languages to form a variety of dialects of Middle English. Shakespeare's career as a professional dramatist had always been in London. He was familiar with the language of the middle and lower classes in London. In Shakespeare's plays, English was established as the only national language in England, which inherited the English tradition of the central dialect, accepted various language elements such as medieval English and modern northern dialect, showing characteristics of Pidginsprache. London dialect refers to the daily language of London citizens. With the development of London, London dialect has gone through a long process of evolution. In the early modern English period, London dialect has a more complex relationship with standard English and literary English. London dialect (place names, slang, neologisms, etc.) in Shakespeare's plays represents a unique language feature.

关键词

語言接觸 / 盎格魯—撒克森語 / 倫敦方言 / 標準英語 / 文學英語 / 混合語言

Key words

Language contacts / Anglo-Saxon dialects / Cockney / London dialect / Standard English / Literary English / Pidginsprache

引用本文

导出引用
彭建華. 論莎士比亞早期戲劇中的倫敦方言. 澳門科技大學學報(人文社會科學版). 2023, 17(1): 31-56 https://doi.org/10.58664/mustjournal.2023.03.002
Peng Jian Hua. London and Cockney in Shakespeare's Plays. Journal of Macau University of Science and Technology(Humanities and Social Sciences). 2023, 17(1): 31-56 https://doi.org/10.58664/mustjournal.2023.03.002

基金

中國國家社科基金一般課題「莎士比亞戲劇的早期版本研究」(18BWW082)
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