This paper presents an experimental phonetic study on the production of Mandarin lexical tones and disyllabic sequences containing the third tone by 12 intermediate-level Chinese learners from Laos. The monosyllabic experimental materials covered all the four lexical tones in Mandarin, with four words for each tone. In addition, eight groups of disyllabic sequences were designed to cover all scenarios where the third tone appears as either the first or second syllable, and within each group, both real words (existing words) and wug words (non-existing words formed by two real characters) were included. The results show that, although the Laotian intermediate-level Chinese learners had an overall narrower pitch range and an obviously shorter duration in the third tone compared to native Chinese students, they could generally grasp the contour of the four lexical tones and distinguish between the third tone and the second tone in the production of monosyllabic words. In the disyllabic sequences, most of the Laotian students could master the tone sandhi rules related to the third tone, but their accuracy in producing wug words was lower than that in producing real words. Specifically, the error rate was highest for the "third tone + third tone" combinations, with the first third tone often mispronounced as a half-third tone, and the second third tone often mispronounced as a high-rising tone. Among the three variants of the third tone, the half-third tone was the best acquired by the Laotian intermediate-level learners, followed by the full third tone, and finally the rising tone, indicating that the learners had not fully internalized the phonological knowledge related to the Mandarin third tone. By utilizing a wug test in the production experiment of disyllabic sequences, this study fills in the gap of research on Laotian intermediate-level Chinese learners' tonal acquisition and provides an in-depth examination of the production of the third tone and its related sandhi forms by this particular group of learners. The study comprehensively reveals the errors these learners make when producing the Mandarin third tone and its variants, offering a basis for teaching strategies for the third tone and its tone sandhi.

This thesis dialectically draws on the reasonable core of the Qing dynasty's Redology criticism, and analyzes the meaning of the text of Dream of the Red Chamber by employing Yijing critical approach. It concludes that this book, while critiquing Confucianism's ideology of ritualism, also tends to affirm and return to the original Confucian ideology. This article first briefly reviews the Yijing study in the history of Redology, trying to discuss the feasibility and necessity of Yijing approach in Redology studies. It then argues that the methodological basis for the interpretation of Yijing lies in the “harmony of meaning”. Finally, it applies Yijing critical approach to interpret the characters Qin Keqing and Prince Beijing in Dream of the Red Chamber, demonstrating how the inner implication align with the hexagram “Gou” and “Fu” respectively. The relation of two hexagram also reflects actual connection between the two characters in the book. Therefore, it turns out that Yijing approach has a significant practical value in understanding the deeper meaning within the text of Dream of the Red Chamber. The meaning of the two characters derived from Yijing's critical approach will be instructive for the further understanding of the purpose and ideological tendencies of this book. And it also has certain reference value for further re-evaluating the profound connection between “Dream of the Red Chamber” and Confucianism.

Household waste classification has been considered as the most effective way to solve the problem of Household Solid Waste. However, due to the lack of funds and residents' awareness in developing countries, it has been challenging to implement household waste classification in society for a long time. In this connection, this paper constructs a game model between the government and residents to analyze the government's optimal charging decision and the residents' optimal behavior on household waste classification. The research shows that household waste classification behavior relates to the government's charging policy; self-generated environmental protection awareness; and classification cost. The government can guide and promote residents to classify household waste through publicity and procedures to reduce household solid waste. For developing countries, the government's implementing fixed charges can effectively enhance residents' awareness of household waste classification and improve the social environment.

Xue Qiying is an understudied woman translator who began her translation activities since the New Culture Movement in the early twentieth century China. She consistently translated on literature for nearly two decades, and QingNian XuZhi is her only non-literary translation work with the theme of popularizing knowledge about sexual health and hygiene. This article examines Xue Qiying’s translations and practices, analyzes the interpretation of the translated text in QingNian XuZhi to explore the historical context of translation practices in relation to gender writing and identity construction of the “New Women.”

Collocation and colligation are crucial components of second language vocabulary acquisition, with colligation representing an abstract categorization of word combinations, and collocation serving as its concrete manifestation. Employing a corpus-based interlanguage contrastive analysis methodology, this study examines the exemplification of collocations and colligation of the verb「進行」 within Chinese learners' dictionary. Through empirical analysis of this commonly used verb in Modern Chinese and investigating errors, the findings offer insights and inspiration for the compilation of Chinese learners' dictionary. The investigation is twofold: first, analyzing the collocation and colligation of 「進行」 among Chinese learners to assess their acquisition status; and second, exploring the characteristics of how collocations and colligation information are presented in Chinese learners' dictionary. The analysis reveals significant differences between Chinese learners and native speakers in the use of collocations and colligation with the verb 「進行」. It also identifies deficiencies in the typicality of collocational exemplifications, detail of collocation information, and the scope of semantic differentiation in Chinese learners' dictionary as well as issues with the visibility and learner relevance of colligation information presentation.

This article systematically and deeply studies two key issues in the administrative law of Macau, namely the rule-making power of administrative agencies and the legality standards of administrative acts, and then analyzes them in a comparative perspective, examining their uniqueness, advantages and disadvantages. This article argues that the legality standards of administrative acts in Macau’s administrative law is strict, and there are no obvious loopholes, which can ensure that the actions of administrative agencies are under the law, and the meaning of the distinctive legal term “power deviation” has also been clarified by mature judicial interpretations and academic theories; However, the law grants the Chief Executive a broad power to formulate independent administrative regulations, which makes the power of the administrative branch not fully constrained. In addition, the approach of distinguishing invalid administrative acts from revocable administrative acts in Macau’s administrative law is shared by some civil law countries such as France and Germany, and it is very worthy of reference for the administrative law in the mainland of China.

Toni Morrison's A Mercy unveils the history during the colonial period of the 17^th century when slavery dawned and racial and sexual conflicts rose in the new world America. Mainly centering on Florens and her experience, this paper adopts black feminist standpoint theory to study the black girl's trip that transforms her from a timid and ignorant girl to a strong and independent woman. Daughter Jane and the black smith, who play the role of Outsiders Within, empower Florens by destroying her old understanding of the world and replacing it with a new perspective in viewing herself, other marginalized people, and slavery, which leads to the self-definition and the self-valuation of her identity as a black woman. Finally, through writing on the floors of Jacob's mansion, she adds an African female slave's perspective on slavery to the mainstream white patriarchal worldview. This new knowledge gives a voice to the marginalized colored women.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is widely accepted bariatric procedure due to its simplicity and effectiveness. Despite its advantages, the traditional approach to LSG can be associated with various complications. This study introduces an innovative three-port technique for LSG, aiming to reduce operative complications, shorten hospital stays, and potentially lower the overall costs while maintaining or improving weight loss outcomes. We meticulously detailed our innovative three-port technique of LSG and evaluated its safety and efficacy through a retrospective analysis of 116 consecutive patients. Key metrics such as operation time, complication rates, and weight loss were assessed. authors declared no conflict of interest. The innovative three-port LSG procedure demonstrated a mean operation time of 90.13 ± 5.68 minutes. Patients exhibited significant weight loss post-operation, with mean reductions of 11.57 ± 5.09 kg after one months, 19.75 ± 6.57 kg after three months, 26.85 ± 7.60 kg after sixth months, and 28.86 ± 11.23 kg after one year. The safety profile was favorable, with no serious complications as classified by the Clavien-Dindo classification at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The three-port technique for LSG is safe and effective method that offers significant advantages over traditional LSG approaches, including potentially lower complication rates and improved patient outcomes. This technique represents a significant innovation in bariatric surgery, warranting further adoption and study.

Geoff Childs, Gareth Barkin and Ben Kingstone, carried out field research on the marriage and love situation of overseas Tibetans in 2004 and 2014 , and wrote “Reproducing Identity: Using Images to Promote Pronatalism and Sexual Endogamy among Tibetan Exiles in South Asia” and “Dating in Dharamsala the Tibetan Exile Dating experience”. The time gaps between the two articles are ten years, The contents reveal the constantly changing in marriage and love behaviors of South Asian Tibetans. This article is inspired by the changes presented in two articles. Based on my field experience in the Tibetan community in Nepal, as well as other Tibetan communities in India and Bhutan, this article focusing on intermarriage circle to explore the patterns and characteristics of overseas Tibetan groups with different backgrounds in choosing spouses? Through participant observation and interviews, follow-up tracking and argument, this paper draws the following conclusions: under the “soul summoning” of special history, traditional customs and taboos, nationalism and politics, overseas Tibetans have developed a nationalism marriage circle structure; However, cross regional and cross ethnic marriages that take “capital” and “habitat” as considerations have become the trend. This paper consists of five parts, which are: introducing overseas Tibetans, raising questions, going through previous studies, then introducing ethnography cases, and finally making a summary. Through my previous field works, expounding and proving, this paper confirms the conculsions that the scattered overseas Tibetan groups and their diaspora history have stimulated various motivations of intermarriage and the diversification of marriage landscape; presents a hierarchical chart of mate selection based on capital and habitat indicators; The circle chart is characterized by diachronic changes from low mobility, strong nationalism and strong collectivism to strong mobility, weak nationalism and strong individualism.

This study contains two primary purposes. Firstly, it proposes a theoretical framework by which it can be identified how mechanism and movement from the camera and participant contribute to visual cohesion and persuasion in video-based advertisements. The framework begins with multimodal analysis and systemic functional theory and is integrated with specific visual manipulation derived from the film arena. Secondly, the framework is tested with a video showing Huawei's overseas persuasion strategy. The study discovers how the visual perspectives of its multiple movements form power flow. It also summarizes how Huawei de-power strategy and visual performance consider the dual goals of performance and value and how they relate to the China threat.

The following is an edited transcript of the Macau University of Science and Technology's 23^rd Anniversary Honorary Doctoral Lecture by Kishore Mahbubani on March 27, 2023. In this lecture, Mahbubani argues that while Asia has made great leaps in economic strength and influence in recent decades, political, normative, and cultural power remains overwhelmingly in the West, creating structural global imbalances which need to be corrected. At the same time, Asia's ascendancy could be jeopardized by regional divisions caused by great power contest. If Asia is to return to its historical economic dominance in the 21^st century, not only must Asian countries continue to grow their economies, they must also work with each other and with other non-Western countries to create a more equitable world order.

This paper examines and compares the use of Russian language learning strategies of 133 Chinese university students and the use of Chinese language learning strategies of 85 Russian university students mainly by means of questionnaires, and explores the influence of individual factors such as gender and years of study on the use of language learning strategies by Chinese and Russian students, as well as the differences between excellent Chinese and Russian learners in the use of specific learning strategies. The results of the study showed that the utilization rate of language learning strategies for both Chinese and Russian students was at a medium level, and Russian students’ overall learning strategy use was slightly higher than that of Chinese students. Secondly, gender had a greater impact on Chinese students’ learning of Russian, but did not have a significant effect on Russian students, while the number of years of study also had a significant effect on the use of several learning strategies by Chinese students, but only on the use of metacognitive strategies by Russian students. In addition, in terms of the use of specific learning strategies, excellent Chinese and Russian trilingual learners showed significant differences in 11 strategies in six major categories. Finally, the article also provides appropriate teaching suggestions accordingly.

In the face of blooming development of artificial intelligence and digitalization, there has been a significant surge in demand for those junior technical employees, who are often required to be well-equipped with more sophisticated skills compared to their other age-groups. Nevertheless, when compared to traditional professions, these technical employees perceived a psychological disadvantageous due to the less ‘dignified’ stereotypes by the public. This perception further causes a high turnover rate among these junior technical employees. The study aims at investigating the relationship between occupational stigma and turnover intention among junior technical employees. Additionally, the research further examines the mediating effect from relative deprivation and the moderating effect from perceived interpersonal justice. Based on collected 505 surveys, this study found: (1) occupational stigma has a positive influence on turnover intention; (2) occupational stigma has a positive influence on relative deprivation; (3) relative deprivation has a positive influence on turnover intention; (4) relative deprivation mediates the relationship between occupational stigma and turnover intention; (5) perceived interpersonal justice negatively moderates the relationship between occupational stigma and relative deprivation; meaning, higher scores of perceived interpersonal justice may weaken the relationship between occupational stigma and relative deprivation, and vice versa. Suggestions and implications are provided for future related areas.

Wetlands, as one of the important natural ecosystems on earth, have multiple important functions and their value should not be underestimated. The importance of wetlands has attracted extensive attention from experts and scholars, and therefore research in the areas of wetland remote sensing image classification and wetland remote sensing information extraction has become particularly critical. Remote sensing technology, especially high spatial resolution satellite images, can be utilized to understand the distribution, changes and characteristics of wetlands more comprehensively. Macau's wetlands are renowned for their abundant biodiversity and unique landscapes, serving as crucial habitats for migratory bird species and providing an ideal recreational destination for visitors. Compared with previous studies in the field of remote sensing image segmentation of wetlands in Macao, this study is unique in that this paper not only uses a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) model, but also a support vector machine (SVM), a random forest (RF), and a multi-model comparison, and the results of the models are comprehensively evaluated (multiple parameter indexes) and visual interpretation verification, which more effectively proves the validity and reliability of the experimental methods in this study. The difficulty of this study is the possible interference of cloudy weather in the island waters of the original image road and the difficulty in clarifying the 6m sea level as the demarcation line between the coastal wetland and other types of wetlands. The results show that the CNN model and RF model have better metrics for wetland extraction in Macao, and the overall accuracy (OA) of the CNN and RF models reached 0.9325, 0.9941, and the Kappa coefficients of the CNN and RF models were 0.8988, 0.9889, respectively. It demonstrates a high degree of accuracy and credibility in the extraction of wetlands in Macao. In this study, the segmentation results of the three models were also analysed by visual interpretation, and the image segmentation results of the CNN model were better than those of the RF model in the control group, which further verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the CNN model.

The construction of the academic discipline of International Chinese Language Education forms a crucial foundation for accelerating the globalization of the Chinese language. In turn, the globalization of the Chinese language is an important means and basis for shaping China’s image abroad as a major country. Both areas are currently at a critical, transitional, and contested stage of development. They both face significant pressure in terms of theoretical frameworks, curriculum design, developmental environment, and talent cultivation. There is an urgent need for high-level promotion, innovative thinking, domestic and international collaboration, unified standards, and differentiated development strategies. While working towards the completion of the academic system for International Chinese Language Education, it is equally vital to achieve the sustainable globalization of the Chinese language, thereby contributing Chinese wisdom to the harmonious exchange of world cultures, mutual coexistence, and shared prosperity.

To verify that urinastatin (UTI) achieves anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting membrane-bound prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) by using the carrageenan-induced foot swelling model. The efficacy of acute inflammation and found that UTI has no adverse cardiovascular effects. 40 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=10), model group (n=10), ulinastatin treatment group (n=10), and celecoxib treatment group (n=10). Carrageenan was used to cause paw swelling in rats, and was administered at the 0th hour of modeling. The UTI group was injected into the tail vein, and the control group and the model group were injected into the tail vein with the same volume of normal saline. The foot volume, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of the four groups of animals at 0h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, and 5h after modeling , Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), Creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations level, mPGES-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression levels in the foot.The foot volume of the model group, UTI treatment group and celecoxib treatment group increased from the 2nd hour after modeling, while the foot volume of the UTI and celecoxib treatment groups began to decrease significantly from the 3rd hour after modeling. Compared with the control group, the foot volume of the model group increased significantly (P<0.05), and the plasma levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the UTI treatment group and celecoxib treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The plasma levels of CK-MB and BNP in the UTI treatment group were no different from those in the control group. Difference (P>0.05), while CK-MB in the celecoxib treatment group increased significantly (P<0.05). The mPGES-1 gene expression level in the feet of the UTI and celecoxib treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05), while the COX-2 gene expression level of the UTI treatment group was not significantly different from the model group (P>0.05).Ulinastatin is likely to achieve anti-inflammatory effects and reduce cardiovascular damage by specifically targeting the expression of mPGES-1 gene.

By means of questionnaire survey, this paper investigates the practice of filial piety culture of Macao university students in Macao from three aspects: raising relatives, respecting relatives and offering sacrifices to relatives. The preliminary analysis shows that the practice of filial piety culture of Macao university students has different characteristics at different levels. On the level of raising parents, the practice of filial piety culture of Macao university students is more active, but there are differences in degree. There is polarization in the respect for parents. On the one hand, the subjects actively communicate with their parents, care about their parents and work hard when their concepts are consistent. On the other hand, they are impatient with their parents' attitude towards discipline, and they often boss their parents and interfere with their living habits. At the level of offering sacrifices to relatives, a certain degree of sacrifice was reserved, but the subjects paid more attention to the interaction and getting along with their relatives before their death. The characteristics of the practice of filial piety culture of Macao university students reflect that the university students in Macao are still practicing the practice of filial piety culture, but it is selective and epochal for the inheritance of filial piety culture.

The trilateral lexicalization of “A_measure + V”-compounds is achieved through the mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy. The metaphor of A_measures serves as the premise for trilateral lexicalization, typically extended from a concrete domain of measurement to other cognitive domains with similarities. The shifts of words’ grammatical categories during lexicalization are complex, determining the trajectory of trilateral lexicalization. As the characteristics of verbs fade, Vs shift from describing concrete actions domain to abstract actions domain. As its nominality or descriptive nature increases, Vs are metonymically transformed into nouns or adjectives. Driven by co-occurrence, construction coercion, and the rhythmic tension of disyllabification, the metaphorized A_measures and the metaphorized verbs lexicalize into the verbal “A_measure+ V”-compounds. They lexicalize into the nominal “A _measure + V”-compounds and the adjectival “A_measure+ V”-compounds with the deverbal nouns and adjectives that have undergone shifts among grammatical categories.

Joker (Xinger) is one of the most unimportant characters in Hongloumeng. He appears only briefly, but his language is succinct, vivid, humorous, and fascinating, serving as an example of a highly personalized conversational style. Focusing on David Hawkes' English translation, this article analyzes the translation strategies used for Joker’s speech across three dimensions: character address, rhetorical aesthetics and discourse. This study investigates how Hawkes perfected his translation masterpiece through depicting the unimportant character’s discourse style and reproducing his image so as to realize the cross-cultural classical reconstruction of the original text, which helps the target readers to understand and appreciate the English version with feelings and experience similar to that of native readers. The translator's manipulation of the text circulation and cultural activity by decoding, interpreting and translating the details of the minor character’s discourse also plays a crucial role in establishing Hongloumeng as a classic in foreign literary traditions.

Japanese and Korean international students, with their close geographical ties to China, have long been an important group of Chinese language learners. Their comprehensive cognition and understanding of Chinese culture can better promote cultural exchanges between China and its neighboring countries, enhancing friendship among the people of East Asia. Viewing East Asia, especially the teaching of Chinese culture for Japanese and Korean international students from the perspective of geosemiotics can enrich the means of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, foster familiarity with China’s geographical and linguistic-cultural environment, promote exchanges and interactions within the Confucian cultural sphere, increase the content of social linguistic and cultural practice, support the development of multimedia teaching resources, and further advance the analysis of linguistic landscapes.

With the advancement of the “Belt and Road” initiative, international trade and cultural exchanges have become increasingly frequent. The traditional teaching model for foreign languages no longer meets the demands of contemporary social development. In more and more employers, foreign languages are regarded as merely a tool, and employers now seek candidates with additional interdisciplinary knowledge. Therefore, it is an urgent task to cultivate applied bilingual talents. In view of this, many universities have begun to implement the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) model, which aims at students’ learning outcomes as the primary goal for curriculum design. However, unlike the well-established teaching of languages such as English and Japanese, Portuguese and other non-universal languages are faced with a series of problems, including the shortage of teachers and teaching resources, making it difficult to comprehensively promote the OBE model in the short term. This paper will focus on analyzing the developmental challenges faced by Portuguese teachers and exploring potential solutions.

To understand the current status of health beliefs and the effectiveness of mobile text message intervention on the prevention of C. sinensis among permanent residents in Macao, in order to provide a basis for further specialized health education. This study employed a cross-sectional survey and quasi-experimental design. From November 2020 to November 2021, stratified random sampling was used to invite residents in Macao to complete a health belief questionnaire. Based on this, volunteers were recruited to conduct a quasi-experimental study on mobile text message intervention. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using chi-square tests, non-parametric tests and rank correlations to analyze situations in pre- and post-intervention. A total of 262 valid questionnaires were collected, and the overall knowledge passing rate of residents was 52.3%. There were differences in perceived threat among residents in different age groups (p<0.05). Additionally, perceived threat among residents that had the recent history of eating raw or under-cooked fresh water fish (p<0.05). The recent history of eating raw or under-cooked fresh water fish and perceived barriers were differences (p<0.05). Among the respondents, 74 voluntarily participated in the health education follow-up and were divided into intervention and control groups, with corresponding knowledge passing rates of 93.5% and 94.6%. There were no differences in knowledge between the two groups in pre- and post-intervention, furthermore no differences in health beliefs. Comparing the two groups in pre- and post-intervention, it was found that knowledge score was improved. The average score of the intervention group increased from 1.98 to 2.74 points, and that of the control group increased from 1.89 to 2.68 points. The differences in two groups were significant (p<0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group had the highest average score of behavior level and the lowest perceived barriers. The control group had the highest perceived seriousness and the lowest cues to action. Comparing the changes in the intervention group in pre- and post-intervention, there were differences in perceived threat, cues to action and behavior after the intervention (p<0.05). In the control group, there were differences in perceived seriousness and behavior after the intervention (p<0.05). Knowledge was correlated with multiple health belief variables in the baseline phase (p<0.05). Comparing the pre- and post-intervention, knowledge and perceived seriousness remained correlated in the intervention group (p<0.05), knowledge and perceived seriousness, knowledge and perceived threat, knowledge and perceived benefits were correlated in the control group after the intervention (p<0.05). The results showed that the correlation of each variable was increased in the intervention group after the intervention and decreased in the control group. The common correlations between the two groups include perceived seriousness and perceived threat, perceived threat and behavior (p<0.05). This study applied the health belief model to obtain intervention clues, it will support Macao to cooperate with National survey on the current status of important human parasitic diseases in the future and follow up after the survey. Through mobile health intervention, residents showed improvements in their understanding of relevant disease knowledge and their choices of preventive behaviors, providing inspiration for future health education initiatives in Macao.

Jin Yong's martial arts fiction (wuxia) works play a pivotal role in opening the narrative space for the localization and internationalization of Chinese stories. These works encapsulate vivid Chinese tales, embodying unique martial arts spirit (wuxia), through charismatic character dialogues, profound martial arts, multidimensional heroic figures, they convey Chinese language and culture to the world. This study explores how Jin Yong's wuxia works, Originating from Guangdong-Hong Kong area, reaching global audiences and has become a window for the world to understand China. First, based on the overlapping academic perspectives of international Chinese communication and international Chinese education, the theoretical background and research value of Jin Yong's wuxia works in the context of international Chinese communication are clarified. Secondly, the study investigates the unique humanistic connotations and cross-cultural communication functions such as: “shared appreciation” (a blend of language, culture, history, and customs), “shared empathy” (heroic ideals, chivalric spirit, and cultural core essence), and “shared dialogue” (the pursuit of new order and the imagination of a new world). Finally, the research explores effective strategies for utilizing Jin Yong's wuxia works in international Chinese education under the framework of cultural exchange. These include fostering cross-cultural understanding in language and culture education, enhancing the interpretation of cultural symbols in cultural exchange practices, and strengthening the influence of Chinese culture through multimedia communication. Therefore, using Jin Yong's wuxia works as a medium, the study aims to build a “dream community” of international Chinese communication and also explore practical approaches to promoting international Chinese communication globally.

This article explores the importance and complexity of finding a balance between infectious disease prevention and control and patients’ privacy. Using COVID-19 and AIDS as case studies, the article analyzes how this balance can be achieved under the legal framework and presents relevant legal and ethical considerations. The article points out that although Chinese law has strict protections for patients' privacy rights, moderate adjustments to private rights may be necessary to protect public health during public health emergencies. In exploring the issue of privacy rights in the prevention and control of the new coronavirus, the article emphasizes the balance between personal information protection and public health safety and proposes strategies such as data protection and the principle of minimizing information. At the same time, by analyzing the conflicts between the right to privacy and the right to life and health in AIDS prevention and control, the article demonstrates the role of the law in resolving these conflicts and suggests that the balance between these two rights should be more clearly defined in medical practice. The conclusion of article emphasizes the need to continually adjust and balance the relationship between infectious disease control and patient privacy based on legal, technological, and educational considerations to safeguard both individual dignity and public health security.

Old French was a mixed language formed by the contact between the Germanic Frankish dialect and Latin, as well as the original Gaul Roman language. In the 9th century, the Normans from the north occupied the lower Seine River and the Cotentan Peninsula, bringing with them the Germanic Norman dialect. Gaul Norman was a Latinized dialect that had undergone long-term language contact and fusion. After the 12th century, Doyle language emerged in the northern part of the Frankish Kingdom, then expanded to the southwestern region of France in the 15th century. The blending of various Gaul Norman dialects in the southern and northern regions gave rise to the Middle French. In the 16th century, early modern French came into being. The Normandy Conquest in 1066 completely changed the social culture, language and literature of England, which began a multilingual period in England. Anglo-Norman turned out to be the court language and official language, Latin became the written language of the church and education, and Anglo Saxon the spoken language of the natives. Anglo-Norman was a dialect of Old French. In Shakespeare's plays, from King John to Richard III to Henry VIII, there are French words and sentences, English-French mixed sentences, and even such early modern English concepts as King English and pure English. The King of Frank in King Lear is a fictional historical illusion. The periods from King John of England to Henry VI to Richard III belonged to the Doyle and Middle French periods of France, while the French language of Henry VIII period belonged to early modern French. However, in Shakespeare's plays, there is no manifestation of the evolution of French in different periods. The French language used as a foreign language in the play may be similar to that spoken by London merchant population in the late 16th century, which was a crude and arbitrary mixed foreign language. As a clear example of spoken French, there are quite a few spelling errors in Shakespeare's plays.

The meteoric rise of ChatGPT has ignited the so-called “chatbot tsunami,” propelling AI chatbots into the vanguard of technology research and development. This study conducts a comprehensive review of AI chatbot research from 2000 to 2023, harnessing bibliometric and content analysis methods facilitated by VOSviewer software. Quantitative and visual analyses of 1,236 relevant documents retrieved from the Web of Science in May 2023 unveil AI chatbots as an interdisciplinary research domain. The most influential authors are identified from three distinct fields: human-computer interaction, human-related, and computer-related research. Key research foci encompass AI technologies, digital health and education, conversational AI, COVID-19 applications, customer service, and sentiment analysis. Building upon the bibliometric findings, we delineate the developmental trajectory of AI chatbot research and propose a conceptual framework to guide future endeavors. Furthermore, we outline prospective research avenues for AI chatbots, including advancements in AI capabilities, optimization of human-computer interaction design, and fostering interdisciplinary synergies. This comprehensive review elucidates the AI chatbot research landscape, offering valuable insights to steer both academic pursuits and industrial applications in this burgeoning field.

In this study, the structural characteristics and fundamental typographical elements of Chinese characters were investigated on the basis of the origins and principles of formation of these characters. This study also discussed how the technological reform following the introduction of electronic computers in typography elevated the philosophy and method of contemporary typography. Building on this new philosophy and method, this study explored and dissected various design routes of Chinese typography from various aspects as follows: combination of visual and semantic elements; visual design of characters; combination of characters, words, and sentences; and combination of text and graphics.

The modal particle ‘ba’ is a multi-functional grammatical structure with complex meanings; the difficulty of its internal functional types varies greatly. The modal particle ‘ba’ is frequently taught in second-language teaching using implicit teaching, which omits the explanation of metalinguistic principles. Based on this circumstance, we conducted a trace experiment on four native English speakers using a large number of implicit input teaching without elaborating on meta-linguistic principles, adhering to the six features of implicit instruction identified by Housen & Pierrard (2005). The experiment is divided into two parts: situation-oriented thematic interview implicit teaching input and scene reproduction natural dialogue test. The findings reveal that: (1). Situation-oriented implicit teaching is successful for the acquisition of the modal particle ‘ba’ with complex meaning, and the learners' application capacity of ‘ba’ has improved nonlinearly. (2). The effect of implicit teaching is different for native English speakers with varying Chinese language proficiency, In addition, the influence of implicit teaching on each functional item of modal particle ‘ba’ is also diverse.

After the effectiveness of GDPR and the Schrems II case, the global data flow seems to have entered the “era of Standard Contractual Clauses”. Promoting cross-boundary data transmission between the mainland and the Macao Special Administrative Region is essential for building an “electronic bay area” and a digital trade port with Portuguese speaking countries. SCCs, with its convenience and practicality, are the top choice in the existing legal toolbox that can drive leading innovation and break institutional barriers. The “9+1” transmission structure is only the starting point, and the rule convergence of SCCs should point to the future of the “1+1+1” system. There are differences in terms of contractual clauses between the two regions, including relevant concepts, applicable prerequisites, specific content, and procedures. Hengqin In-Depth Cooperation Zone has a top-level design and a “bottom-up” dynamic normative structure, retaining considerable institutional flexibility in legislation, administration, and judiciary, providing a experimental platform for the rule convergence of contract clauses between the two regions; Its existing experience in institutional reform, such as “one place, two inspections” and the division of functions among statutory bodies, can also serve as a reference for SCCs system harmonization. On the premise of fully recognizing the institutional differences between the two regions, taking the institutional innovation of the Guangdong-Macao In-depth Cooperation Zone as an opportunity, the general principles and framework of standard contractual clauses can be established, and distinctions in professional terminology can be eliminated. Then, sample contracts can be launched through agreements, and institutions within the executive committee can be established to supervise and execute, thus building a interactive development status of “rule co-consultation, platform co-construction, institution co-management, and achievement co-sharing”. This can achieve an improvement in the information industry and residents' welfare in Guangdong, Macao, and even the region, while effectively safeguarding digital human rights, and providing a “Greater Bay Area Scheme” with Chinese characteristics for cross-boundary data flow.

Literature on GM foods reports often examined article tones in general, omitting the differences in various social actors' attitudes. To explore such differences, we conducted a comparative framing analysis of news reports on genetically modified (GM) foods in the United States and China, two large markets of GM foods, to examine (1) the use of frames on GM foods; (2) who has more power in defining the risks of GM foods and (3) the tones towards GM foods of the sources in each country. We used both article and source assertion as the unit of analysis. By content analyzing 267 news articles on GM foods from 2014-2023, including 126 from the People’s Daily (PD) and 141 from the New York Times (NYT), we identified the frames, sources, and tones of each article. We also identified 1,496 source assertions to examine the tones of each source. Results showed PD used more treatment responsibility frame than NYT, while the latter used more conflict and causal responsibility frames than the former. While both publications primarily published neutral articles, NYT published more anti-GM food articles than PD. The NYT used a broader range of sources and more anti-GM food sources than PD, while PD cited more pro-GM food sources. The two newspapers both held neutral attitudes toward GM foods. By reporting both sides of the opinion on the issue, most news articles framed it as uncertain rather than having harm or benefit to human society, which may lead to public confusion about GM foods.

From a black feminist perspective, especially Narayan’s theory on “epistemic privilege”, the paper examines the cross-racial female relation in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy, focusing on two pairs of friends - Lina and Rebekka, and Florens and Daughter Jane. In each relation, the two women, who are in different racial and class backgrounds but are both outcasts of the hierarchic society in the colonial new land, make an attempt to form a bond with each other. However, the relations head to opposite directions and end differently. The friendliness between Lina and Rebekka does not turn into a political solidarity because they are outsiders of the knowledge of “epistemic privilege” they respectively own, and their relation is greatly influenced by patriarchy and supremacy. On the contrary, Florens and Daughter Jane develop an interdependent and reciprocal relation as they bear witness to each other’s untold misery, which leads to their denial of being defined by the dominators and assimilated by supremacist notions. Their friendship bridges the racial differences, functioning as the healing power to help them seek for subjectivity and political solidarity against the same social oppression upon them. Through these two pairs of friends, Morrison illustrates the difficulty as well as the possibility of forming cross-racial sisterhood in slavery. The openness to the women of other races and the willingness of building connection with the other may not only give birth to a female community on the basis of equality and mutual benefits but also contribute to their personal growth and identity construction.